Business Model for Grandmas Treats Essay

There are many ways through which a business can go online. This paper examines a few of the online business models and helps find out which among these business models best suits â€Å"Grandmas Treats†. Site types While there are many different types of online business models, there are three most common ones viz. auction, portal and storefront. â€Å"Auction models are those in which the participants bid for products or services over the internet. The auction sites sometimes do not own the products on its site, but facilitates the process of listing and displaying goods as an affiliate† (Kinsler, 2009) Commissions are the main source of revenue in the auction business model. Advertising also forms a small portion of the revenue. In a portal business model, the so called portal website is like a gateway to the customers to various online stores. It provides personalized information to the users. A major portion of revenue in such a model is usually from personalized advertising. â€Å"The store front business model is a shopping location that customers can browse and shop from the comfort of their homes, and where businesses can advertise their products and services for a fraction of the cost of brick and mortar businesses† (Kinsler, 2009) The store front shop can reach its customer either directly or through the portals such as Yahoo or Google. The store front business model is best suited for individual businesses which provide a unique product offering. Companies that use these business models Portal business model – Yahoo According to Deitel and Deitel: Sites such as yahoo. com provide users with a shopping page that links them to thousands of sites carrying a variety of products†¦ Yahoo! provides consumer with shopping-cart capabilities†¦ To improve the quality of its web searching capabilities, Yahoo! as partnered with Google. com search engine†¦ Yahoo! is made more attractive for the user†¦ As this model needs the user to register, the web page that opens after registration is a personalized one based on the information provided by the users. (Deitel and Deitel, 2000) Thus Yahoo’s portal model is convenient for customers who need to shop a variety of similar or dissimilar produc ts. Say when a consumer is done shopping and is ready to check out, he can purchase all their items through the single portal (Yahoo! ) rather than purchasing at each store. This simplifies the purchasing process and provides convenience to the customer. Auction business model – eBay Another type of business model is the auction model. Such websites act as forums through which internet users can be either a seller or bidder. Online auction off late has become a very popular and successful method of e-commerce. The leading company in this business is e-bay. It is one of the most profitable businesses. On eBay people are able to buy and sell almost everything. eBay has spawned a number of businesses that use the site as their means of selling products. The main advantage that e-bay offers is that there are no overhead or upfront costs. The seller can sell his product without incurring any high costs as he does not need sales staff or distributors. There is also no need of any initial investment and most importantly the seller gets access to millions of online auctions from buying customers. And hence it has become a forum where there are no geographical constraints. Bidders and sellers from all over the world can come together and moreover there is no need to ship the products to a central location which reduces the costs and the seller’s minimum acceptable price. Many businesses would prefer eBay as they can avoid losses on sale of items by setting the minimum bid price high enough to cover their cost. Advantages Yahoo which uses the portal business model has a lot advantages over its competitors. Many of the websites are viewed by the users mainly through the portals (through yahoo search, yahoo shopping etc†¦) thus Yahoo can leverage this to generate revenues. Similarly eBay offers many of the businesses a platform to showcase their products in its site. Thus it could generate revenues by charging those businesses which benefit by utilizing the eBay auction system. Business model for â€Å"Grandmas Treats† â€Å"Grandmas Treats† has a specialty product i. e. low sugar bakery products which it needs to make available to its customers through the World Wide Web. Since Grandmas Treats has a unique product which it needs to take to its customers, it would be appropriate for it to make use of the storefront business model. It could also make use of the internet portals such as Yahoo or Google to direct more customers to its website. Would dynamic pricing apply for â€Å"Grandmas Treats†? Grandmas Treats’ core product is low sugar baked products. The target customers for Grandmas Treats would be those who are calorie conscious and those who are with specific ailments such as diabetes. These customers usually prefer a low sugar food product as compared to the normal food products. Hence Grandmas Treats could expect to have more or less constant demand for its product in the market. Therefore â€Å"Grandmas Treats† need not have to use dynamic pricing.

Race representation in “Desmond’s” and “Mind your language” Essay

In this essay I am going to compare the ways in which race has been represented in the two sitcoms â€Å"Desmond’s† and â€Å"Mind your language.† Desmond’s is a sitcom set in a barber shop in the 1989 and Mind your language which is set in a school in 1970’s. Mind your language reinforces stereotypes by the people’s accents for example Ali said that he goes around and â€Å"nicking† on peoples doors when he’s meant to say â€Å"knocking† on peoples door that’s why you cant trust him and this also makes him sound dishonest. Ali and Ranjeet are in a conflict with each other because of the war against India and Pakistan. Jamila the Pakistani woman is represented as domestic because she is always knitting in class also there is conflict going on with Ingrid the Swedish woman and Anna the German woman who are trying to attract most of the men in the class because mostly the class is full of men. Ranjeet is shown as a typical Indian because he is always shaking his head and moving his hands and also him going to be arranged married to a another person that he doesn’t even know and doesn’t like. Taro the Japanese man has a camera on him because it shows that all Japanese people carry cameras and makes them look like tourists. All the students in Mind your language don’t take learning English seriously by not doing their homework instead they buy it of Giovanni the Italian and coming late to their classes. Desmonds is a sitcom set in 1980s in a barber shop. Desmond’s is different to mind your language. It is subverting stereotypes because in Desmond’s the people own their own business and when the show starts you see white people hanging around with black people instead of white people on one side and black on the other. This is represented by Shirley how is the daughter of Desmond has a white friend and when the show is starts you see a Blackman and a white man shaking hands. In Desmond the barber shop is used for social conversation about black people achieving things and how political comments are made negative at stereotyping in the media. Sean is the son of Desmond. He’s represented as a claver and wanting to go to school and wanting to learn. As well as listening to rap music and the older brother Sean has left and started working as a bank manager how lives well and also owns his own house. In conclusion I think mind your language is bad because it makes the people sound dishonest and bad but Desmond’s on the other hand show positive view on TV because of showing black people wanting to learn and at the same time being into rap music and also black people being friends with white people.

Admission to a Doctorate of Psychology

If necessity is regarded as the mother of invention, I consider necessity as the driving force that inspires and awakens us to be a man for others. We fail to open the doors of our hearts and listen to the woes of those in need due to our inability to decide on the things that we can do to improve the lives of people around us.Our reluctance to extend any assistance may also be a result of our failure to consider the value of the things that we are capable of doing. Life is not solely dependent on the material resources that we can give. The act of extending our selfless love, time, talents, skills and other resources are too valuable to ignore.One of my renowned accomplishments manifested my organization skills, self-confidence, ability to work under pressure and meet challenges, and to remain optimistic in achieving a goal.While I was in the Marine Corps, I was tasked to be the Pay Chief. Although the position requires a person to have at least ten years of work experience, I was t rusted to be the head of the section while working for only two and half years in the military. When I was assigned in the department, I discovered that the pay-roll auditing task was behind by three years.When a pre-inspection was made in our department, we were informed that there is a need to update the current records to reflect all the payroll transactions that were made during the last three years for 4,000 Marines. Normally, the completion of the task would require three years of forty-five minutes to eight hours of work each day by each person who was assigned in the department.However, we were only given eighteen months to complete the task. Initially, we all felt that accomplishing the task would require a miracle. However, I managed to motivate my people and to exemplify hope amidst our insurmountable challenge. We all worked overtime and maintained our focus to reach our goal.At the end of the eighteenth month period, we were able to update the payroll record and meet th e expectations of our superiors. My hard work was also rewarded when I was given the Navy and Marine Corps individual achievement medal for going beyond and above the call of duty of the U.S Marine Corps, Navy and U.S. government. This award was usually given as a unit award to most Marines and Sailors.My weakness is reflected in my inability to extend my patience to people whom I could only talk to over the phone. It is easier for me to settle disputes or to handle people as long as I meet them in person. Although a person may be reserved or silent, one can easily interpret a facial expression or body language.Unlike in most phone calls that I have handled as a Customer Care for Wyndham Hotel Group, I could only read a person’s feeling through the tone of their voice. In my current job, I deal with owners and managers of hotels. Most of them call and complain about issues that they are already fully aware of based on the information that are posted in the website. Since the owners of the company are practicing transparency, it is my task never to conceal nor withhold any information from the franchise investors.As a customer care representative, I counsel owners and managers about the hotel’s day to day operation and keep them updated on the current status of the hotel. The job has taught me to understand and empathize with the owners whose main concern is to know where their hard earned money is going and if their investments will yield a good return of investment.My array of blue and white collar jobs have prepared me to acquire the skills that will allow me to be flexible and compassionate to people who came from all walks of life. It is also in my exposure that made me realize the need to help the men and women in uniform who have risked their lives in fighting for our country.My passion to be of service is too strong to resist. Hence, I organized my life and decided to take a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology in spite of my lucrative b usiness venture in real estate. After getting my college diploma, I intend to take a Doctorate degree in Clinical Psychology and specialize in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. Since I have directly witnessed the trauma and stress that my uncle has experienced as a result of the war in Vietnam, I can empathize with the soldiers and their families who are also suffering from the effects of their battle in a war zone environment.When I become a certified Clinical Psychologist, I will enlist in the U.S. Navy and address the need of people who are emotionally and psychologically suffering from the trauma of war and terrorism. Helping our soldiers heal from within will restore them into a life where they can be productive and fully functional in a war-free environment. Restoring the lives of our soldiers has a positive impact in our society in general and to the service members’ families in particular.When these people have recovered from the trauma and stress of wa r that are affecting their lives, they will be individuals who are capable of contributing to the growth of our nation. In addition to being able to work and raise their own families, their loved ones will be relieved from the burden of coping with the daily mental and psychological stress of a family member who has experienced the trauma of war.I believe that my optimism, empathy, determination, logical thinking ability, sensitivity to the needs of others, ability to pay close attention to what people are saying and my ability to cope with pressure and challenges will help me succeed as a clinical psychologist.

Managerial Systems and Operations Management Essay

Managerial Systems and Operations Management - Essay Example No organization will ever want to have disgruntled customers, to achieve efficiency a plan is needed to improve the productivity of the company. Sometimes an ad hoc approach may be used on simplest grounds that may need very small changes. Outlined plans must be initiated to analyses the risks that are associated with a particular implementation strategy in accomplishing the drafted project. The last option to be considered is the effectiveness of the project to the organization, these acts as an assessment into the real functionality of the project in aiding organization performance. This paper analyses some of the problems faced by Marston Lodge, which in the long run inhibit its performance in the market. The paper will critical assess the impacts of these problems and come up with significant solutions that will cushion the problems. A detailed plan will exhibit what will assess the associated costs and the approach that will be taken when initiating the project. Last the end of the paper will depict how the technological project impacts on the levels of performance in the Hotel; this will consider the needs of employees and management towards attainment of quality production (Koontz & Weihrich, 2010). Marston Lodge is an example of an organization that is operating under minimal production levels. Numerous complaints hailed towards the company. For instance, long queues and poor conditions of the rooms depict that management and the employees are not taking seriously their jobs and working towards attaining the set objectives of the company. This thwarts the efforts of the hotel on profit maximization. The longer Marston Lodge keeps without addressing these challenges, the faster it degrades an eventually becoming bankrupt. What is also evident from the case scenario is the fact that Marston Lodge is using many funds to train its employees yet productions levels in the

A Framework for the Management of Oil Spillage Risks in Oil Dissertation

A Framework for the Management of Oil Spillage Risks in Oil Exploration Programmes - Dissertation Example A researcher needs to understand the various assumptions underlying the different techniques and must have an idea to differentiate procedures as per the problem in the research study. Thus, choice of research methods based on the research problem forms a significant part of research methodology. The experimentation done to test hypothesis and discover new relationships must be based on a scientific method. The results drawn are then criticized. So a researcher must pay proper attention while developing the design of the research work and at the end must state probable inferences as a part of the study undertaken. The basic postulates on which the scientific method to be used is based on are- †¢ The method relies on empirical evidence. †¢ The method utilizes relevant concepts †¢ The study is committed to objective consideration only. †¢ The method of study aims at making adequate and correct statements about the population objects. †¢ The methods results into probabilistic predictions. †¢ The method is concerned for critical scrutiny for testing the conclusions derived. †¢ The method aims at formulating the general axioms or the scientific theories. Research Methodology can be conducted on the basis of three types of research format, such as, exploratory research, descriptive research and casual research. Introduction about Angola While discussing about research methodology, it is utterly relevant to state that the entire process was conducted using primary research. For the purpose of conducting the primary research, the researcher had to make a physical visit the location of Angola. For the purpose of better understanding of the criticality and relevant importance of the research methodology of the project, considerable amount of information about the nation of Angola and its various economic activities has to be discussed. Brief Overview: While giving a brief overview of Angola, it has to be mentioned that the country is lo cated in the South African west coast. The nation is comprised of around 18 provinces and the capital of Angola is Luanda. The nation is bordered by the South Atlantic Ocean for a coast area of around 1,650 km (Angola.org -1, n.d.). Talking about the geographical expanse of the region, the total size of the region is around twice the size of Texas. Discussing about the population strength of the nation, it has to be highlighted that as of the year 2013, the population count stood at over 18, 500,000. It is to be noted that the amount of population in the year 2011 in the urban areas of the nation comprised of around over 59% of the entire population (Cia.gov, 2013). The nation of Angola has a bitter political history, which comprised mostly of the 27 year old civil war. The civil war of the nation drew to a close around the year 2002. As of the current times, the nation is ruled by the multiparty presidential regime. The current government of the nation is Republic in nature (Cia.go v, 2013). While talking about the nation, it is crucially important to focus on the economy of the nation. The main driving factor of the economy of this nation is oil. The oil sector comprises of around 90% of the total of the country’s exports. With the gaining of independence in the year 1975, the

Nursing care given to a patient with paranoid schizophrenia Essay

Nursing care given to a patient with paranoid schizophrenia - Essay Example This is a nursing case study prepared on the basis of the observations made by the author while on a practice placement. The paper discusses the observations made about the nursing care given to a patient with paranoid schizophrenia.The study is also intended to show the role of a nurse in care; including assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation and also in the care given to the patient’s family. In this particular case, the method used was Orems Self-care model (2001) which emphasizes on improving the patient’s state of health and making them feel responsible for their own health. It is not possible to undermine the role of a nurse in this system which is mainly to promote physical, mental and social health through developing a good, trust-based relation with the patient. In addition, this case study will show how client-centered nursing models are used in which the patient’s interests and rights are respected and protected to the maximum possible ext ent. As Rogers C (1990) opines, the nursing team in this particular case develops strong relationship with the patient with real exhibition of sympathy, originality, and willingness to listen while dealing with the patient. As per the NMC (2008) directive that nurses should develop a deep and reliable relationship with the patient, the author engaged in conversation with the patient; and the expected result was a relationship based on respect and belief (Baker 2003). In this particular case, the patient’s individual freedom to decide her own life was preserved as far as possible (Ewles & Simnett, 2003). As per the definition by Lowden, (2002) autonomy means allowing the patient to make decisions in personal matters. The Patient The patient in this case study is named Mary. The name is imaginary to comply with NMC professional code of conduct (2002). She was 54, and was admitted to the hospital with Paranoid Schizophrenia. Before her entry into the Ward, there was a holistic a nd thorough assessment by the duty doctor. The basic concepts of care The method of care is totally holistic in nature. In this case, Orems (2001) Self Care Model of Nursing is used as the basic criteria and it follows the four stage nursing process of assessment, planning implementation and evaluation. As Barker (2003) observes, this holistic approach will explore the physical, psychological and social spheres of nursing assessment. Assessment The nursing process starts with assessment (Roper et al 2000) which includes all the present and historical information about the patient This must include as much information about all spheres of life as possible including the mental health, family background, education, religion, beliefs and occupation. Family history of mental disorders and other genetic factors are also taken into consideration. In addition, adequate attention is paid to the patient’s lifestyle and living situations. There are a number of ways suggested by Townsend (2006) for the assessment of patients which include consultation with other health professionals, collecting data from family members, watching and interview. In addition, according to the Oxford Nurses Dictionary (2002), a holistic assessment will consider a patient’s psychological, physiological and social life. In the opinion of Jenkins & Field (1996), collecting all these information from a patient will help a nurse in developing a healing relation with the patient. In fact, Mary had a long history of schizophrenia. For her, the disease had its beginning about thirty years ago but the disease was not diagnosed accurately in the beginning. The disease at first started in the form of tension along with sleeping problems and difficulty concentrating. But no one including her parents took the change seriously as there was a tragic incident. It was during those days that her husband died in a car accident. When she shrank more and more into her own private world, all includin g her parents and friends thought it as a result of the shock caused by her husband’

Choose a topic from your personal knowledge and experience Essay

Choose a topic from your personal knowledge and experience - Essay Example The most important thing when learning English as a second language is to learn to be a good listener. Effective listening is very important since it helps you to understand some of the words and concepts that may appear challenging. I have realised that when you carefully listen to others, you may be in a position to quickly understand what they are trying to say. When you listen carefully, you are also able to ask questions to the speaker so that he or she may explain the points that you may require clarification. I have also observed that if you are a good listener, mutual understanding is likely to be created with the person you are communicating with. If there is mutual understanding between the two parties involved, it is quite easy to exchange information. From my own experience, I have observed my level of understanding of different terms has significantly improved following the adoption of this strategy. I can now easily understand the main subject of discussion without aski ng the speaker to repeat what he or she has said. The other important point I must emphasize in this particular case is that you should not shun the way of behaviour of the people in the host country if you are an international student. This can only create hostility and it is counterproductive. Therefore, I have noted that you must be as cooperative as much as possible in order to avoid conflicts of interest. If you treat other people as important, there are likely chances of learning quickly their culture as well as language. From my own perspective, I have rapidly developed cordial relationships with other students than I ever anticipated. When you are learning English as a second language, I have realised that learning by observing other people is very effective in as far as acquiring new knowledge is concerned. One important thing I

Introduction to Special Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Introduction to Special Education - Essay Example These include reading disability, problems with expressive language, receptive language, poor hand-eye coordination, visual confusion, problems with socialization, behavioural difficulties, possible depression, social isolation, difficulties in visual motor skills, and over all learning disabilities. Each of these conditions would lead to disparate variety of educational needs for the student, and it seems none of these can be addressed at home, given the fact that Juan's mother is suffering from severe depression, and she needs Juan's help for her own care. Although his socialization, visual motor skills, and language had not developed, there is no help, supervision, or guidance at home that can help him improve. As is known, special education centres on a process of evaluation of Juan's development of skills in this area; it seems Juan is eligible for an individualized education programme. Examining the legal criteria for eligibility to be included in a special education programme, it must be stated that Juan satisfies the following criteria which qualifies him to be a child with disability. Juan is an individual between ages 3 to 22. He may have mental retardation, which has not been clearly mentioned in this case history. He has definitely established speech and language imp airment. Although he is not blind, he has visual impairment. Although there is no indication in the history about any serious emotional disturbance, from the case it is apparent that he might as well have depression. His socialization skills might have been lacking due to this. He was observed to be a loner in the class without any friends. His reticence in the class is pointing to this fact with stronger possibility. This may be due to his basic learning possibility, but a mental health assessment is necessary to rule out whether this is a mental health problem or a result of emotional disturbance. Fortunately, he does not have any orthopedic impairment. These disabilities are affecting Juan's academic performance. It appears from the very beginning, Juan was suffering from such problems, and these were affecting his learning and academic performance. Juan had severe discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability in oral expression, listening comprehension, written expression, basic reading skills, reading comprehension (Wolff Heller et al., 1996). It appeared that his mathematical calculation and mathematical reasoning was just age-appropriate. Assessing the student's needs and designing the modifications in instructions form the basis of special education. When Juan has been diagnosed with learning disability, he will need special education services, and it can also be expected that scientifically validated interventions against his problems in the rural primary school was not able to result in an expected positive response. This also indicates presence of some unique and individualized learning needs. This analysis does not point to the presumptive cause of this disability. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the cognitive abilities, processes, and deficits in Juan must be available before a final decision. This would also need to include an assessment and correlation with the academic achievements and the forms of psychosocial functioning. His ability has been attempted to be characterised by the estimates of his IQ. For the reference of this discussion, his WISC-III profile indicated his verbal IQ to be 82 and the

Compare and contrast traditional Marxist approaches to international Essay

Compare and contrast traditional Marxist approaches to international relations with EITHER Neo-Gramscian OR Frankfurt School vie - Essay Example The essay will be structured as follows. In the first section, the basic assumption and specific views of orthodox Marxist theorists of the IR will be examined. It will be argued that orthodox Marxism proceeds from the notion of primacy of international economic relations over political processes in the world system of states, neglecting ideological dimensions of international system. The second section will be devoted to analysis of neo-Gramscian approach to the IR. The questions of neo-Gramscian view on interrelation between economic and social factors of the IR will be given due attention. Finally, in the third section which will represent a conclusion to the essay, the direct comparison between orthodox Marxism and neo-Gramscianism will be presented, with a view to proving the difference between these two schools of international political thought. 1. Orthodox Marxism as a Theory of International Relations Basic Assumptions of Orthodox Marxism The crux of orthodox Marxist approac h to the study of the IR lies in its assumption of primacy of economic and technological development over purely political processes, and of predominance of the struggle between different social classes over conflicts between political states (Linklater, 2005, p. 110). Unlike idealist and realist perspectives that centre on assumption of basically unchanging process of competition between self-interested individuals/political entities, a Marxian political analysis rests on the idea of historical specificity of social processes and of organic nature of social relations (Rupert, 2007b, p. 150). The Marxist theory implies the interconnection between productive forces as material bases for social production, and relations of production, which refer to the social relations between individuals, usually organized into classes, over the issues of production and distribution of social product. A Marxist perspective on the social processes proceeds from the idea of dialectic of â€Å"relatio ns in process† (Rupert, 2007b, p. 151), where the social subjects, or agents, are both dependent on social structures that set the framework for their actions and effect their maintenance and further development. In that way, social structures simultaneously determine the actions of social agents and are continuously altered by them (Rupert, 2007a, p. 36). In class society the nature of social agents is determined by their class nature, with capitalist social relations being preconditioned by the struggle between two socio-economic classes: the bourgeoisie (capitalist entrepreneurs) and the proletariat (propertyless wage workers). The View of International Relations in Orthodox Marxism Just as Marx and Engels viewed economic structure of specific societies as the factor defining the whole variety of its political, juridical and ideological forms (the former was regarded as â€Å"basis† of society, the latter as its â€Å"superstructure†), so they regarded the pro blems of the IR as the result of interactions of different economies controlled by national dominant classes, whose interests are represented politically by their state. According to Marx and Engels, as the existence of bourgeoisie as a class in capitalist society was predicated on

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt - Coursework Example To enable a DHCP client to use an address permanently, one creates client reservations. DHCP options pass additional IP setting to clients. Some of these options include DNS server and Domain name. The design of DHCP options involves definition of settings to establish the boundaries of a given DHCP configuration. Server options apply the options to all scopes defined while scope options apply to a single scope (It Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 53). In addition to the DHCP configuration, there exist advanced settings. One can enable the pool configuration or specify additional service availability settings. Configuring a DHCP relay agent involves configuring the relay agent program in a computer allowing messages to be relayed across different subnets (It Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 76) Setting up a relay agent on a computer on each subnet allows message traffic to be relayed to computers on different subnets (Bender 67). Configuration Protocol for IPv6 can also be configured for DHCP. The use of IPV6 allows many subnets to be created. Networking is important in any IT field. Proper understanding of this lab concepts helps prevent network errors that come about from improper configuration. Traffic jam, which is common problem to large networks, can be prevented if one adheres to proper configuration. Network security can also be guaranteed by proper

1.Government funding of faith schools is a flawed policy. It Essay

1.Government funding of faith schools is a flawed policy. It undermines community cohesion and contributes to social division. Discuss - Essay Example 2004: 38) that are sustained by government funding. Hence, the issue raised over and over again is whether it is justifiable for the government to fund faith schools. The objective of this essay is to review and discuss the alleged negative implication of faith schools on community and social cohesion. The discussion will involve a broad array of stakeholders, such as students, local authorities, education practitioners, teachers, religious leaders, and parents, through an array of various ways whereby we could gain something from their awareness and experiences about the challenges and advantages to community cohesion that a faith school system provides. This essay will provide a brief discussion on the major views and recommendations of various stakeholders abovementioned. It also connects the current status of faith-based schools in England to substantiate further discussion on this important issue. The recommendations put forth in this essay have comprehensive repercussions for the nation’s whole education system. In our joint efforts to build a productive multicultural society, major change may at times be essential. Too frequently the dispute about England’s faith schools has been founded on bare rhetoric; in this essay the author provide a more well thought-out and evidence-based framework. Recently, there have been extensively documented exchanges of opinions concerning the issues of faith-based schools, specifically those in the government sector. Often controversial, the debate has mirrored the views of a wide array of groups and individuals, outside and within education (Johnson 2006). Myriad of those issues revolve around the contribution of all schools in enhancing social cohesion in the face of growing government sponsorship of and interest in faith schools (Johnson 2006). Faith-based schools are viewed by government policy as a medium for providing enhanced parental choice,

Health social care Essay Example for Free

Health social care Essay Thought?What is reflective practice? Reflective practice is self re-evaluation of your practice with the customer. Making sure that all issues is reported to management and daily records are kept up to date, on and after every visit. It’s a process that makes you stop and think about your own practice and your actions. Refocusing on your thinking and knowledge to generate new ideas. Look at your behaviour, learning needs and your judgement. Why is reflective practice important? Reflective practice is important for you to focus on how you interact with your colleagues, customers and the each environment that you will be in. It’s an impact on yourself learning and knowledge you have gained. Helps you to recognise on how to what you have done well so it can be put in practice for other situations. Also means in reflecting your own values, beliefs, and experiences which will help your thoughts and ideas to share with your colleagues. Use this to gain better strength weakness so that you learn from your own mistakes and take the appropriate actions in future. Improves your basic judgement and professionally enables you to apply skills to the personal development cycle. How reflective practice contributes to improving the quality of service provision? Contributes to improving the quality of service provision as the care worker constantly revises the policies and procedures and new standards that are being constantly set. Being up to date on the relevant new policies and procedures help the care workers to do their job and maintain of what is expected from them. How standards can be used to help care worker reflect on their practice? Having a standard so they can always reflect with it and achieve the same standardised level that is expected in a care worker. Ensuring that meeting these standards these would be the CQC ESOS and the bluebird ccode of practice that is found in the office.

Transferring Capital Or Funds From Savers To Borrowers

Transferring Capital Or Funds From Savers To Borrowers The financial institution is the process to provide the financial service to the people. It can also say is the institution collecting the funds from the public into the financial assets. It also verifies by the government, so it is safe for the people to using. The main function of the financial institution transfers the capital between savers and those who need capital. The financial activities and function provide by the financial institution are bonds, debentures, stocks, loans, risk diversification, insurance, hedging, retirement planning, investment, portfolio management, and many other types of related functions. The way use by financial institution to transfer the fund can be defined by 3 ways; there are direct transfers, indirect transfer and financial intermediaries. The first way of a financial institution is Direct transfer can also call ask direct transfers of money and securities. Direct transfer means the organization sells its stocks or bond directly to savers and without any type of financial institution. For example, the party A and B is the relatives and the parties A want to transfer the money to invest the party B organization by using direct transfer; it is without any financial institution or financial market so this is call direct transfer. The advantage of direct transfer is saving the money, it because using direct transfer is without any taxable. Direct transfer is without any taxable because direct transfer is a process straight transfers the money to other account and is wont going through any financial institution so the government will not charge the tax because government is not know about it. The disadvantage of using direct transfer is complex. It is possible become complex because direct transfer is making by the two part y without any financial institution and it not have the professional person to help properly transfer the money and making the agreement, so in future maybe will happen conflict between the parties. The second way for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market is indirect transfer by using banking house. Indirect transfer is a process to transfer the capital or funds through the financial institution such as investment banking house. Investment banking house is like the agency to help the organization to transfers the bond or stock into the money. It normally use by an organization that underwrites and distributes new investment securities to help the organization obtain their financial. An underwriter serves as a middleman and facilitates the issuance of securities to the investor. For example, an organization sells the stocks or bonds to the investment bank and investment bank sells these same securities to the savers. The advantage of this financial institution is more efficient and fast to transfer the bond or stock into the financial assets. It is because investment bank has required the professionals to given the organization accurate information and help organization to make the transfer process more efficient and wont getting problem. The disadvantage of investment banking house is need to spend more time to wait the process done by the investment banking house. It is because company need to waiting the investment banker sell the bond or stock into the money. The banker could not be estimate when can sell the bond and stock to the saver. Next, investment banking house give more confidence to the saver. Investment banker will provide fully information about company to saver review and give professional guideline about the investment to avoid wrong investment. Therefore, the investment risk will decrease and the percentages of faced loss also will be reduce by using the investment banking, but it will increase the cost because need to pay the intermediaries fees. The third way for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market is indirect transfer buy using financial intermediaries. The indirect financial institution can be separated into three types such as Investment Intermediaries, Contractual Saving Institutions, and Depository Institutions. Financial intermediary is an institution that acts as the middleman between investors and firms raising funds. Financial intermediary will using the funds from the saver to purchase other securities from other organization and hold it for gain the profitability. The three major functions of the financial intermediaries are maturity transformation, risk transformation and convenience denomination. Maturity transformation is converting short term liabilities to long term assets. Risk transformation is converting risky investments into relatively risk-free ones. Convenience denomination is matching small deposits with large loans and large deposits with small loans. Financial intermediaries accept the saver to use the loan or securities to invest their funds. The financial intermediaries will provide the loan plan to the saver to properly using the loan to invest. Financial intermediaries can help to reduce the time. It is because financial intermediaries can transfer the financial assets into the money by the faster way. This is mean financial intermediaries will buy the assets from the customer and sells it in future, so it can reduce the time because some of the assets need longer of period to sell it or transfer into the money. Therefore, some of the people will use financial intermediaries to solve their emergence financial problem. Financial intermediaries can also help the saver to reduce the transaction cost such as consulting fee for getting information. In this situation, financial intermediaries will provide the completely information or professional advice to help the investors making the decision. Financial institution can be separa ted into three types such as Investment Intermediaries, Contractual Saving Institutions, and Depository Institutions. Depository institution is a channel to receive the funds from the public or manage their funds to invest other organization to gain the profit. When gain the profit Depository institution will return some interest to the people who are invest the funds in the depository institution. Depository institution can be defined in few types, there are commercial banks, savings and loan associated credit union and mutual saving bank. Commercial bank is the financial institutions provide the loan, saving, transactional, money market account, insurance, and stock brokerage service to the public. The examples of the commercial bank in the Malaysia are Affin Bank, Arab-Malaysian Banking Group, Bank Simpanan Nasional (BSN), Citibank Malaysia, Exim Bank Malaysia, Hong Leong Bank and other. The advantage of using the commercial bank is the risk is lower. It is because commercial bank has stronger financial background, so it will not easy bankrupt or facing the financial problem such as facing loss in investment. The disadvantage of the commercial bank is the percentage of interest maybe lower than other financial institution. For example, interest rate provide by the insurance institution always higher than the commercial bank. Moreover, a savings and loan association (or SL), also known as a thrift, is a financial institution that specializes in accepting savings deposits and making mortgage and other loans. Mortgage means using the something such as house, land or assets to make the loan with the savings and loan association. If the people cannot pay back the loan, the house will be taken over by the savings and loan association. The advantage of the savings and loan association is interest of saving deposit is higher than the commercial bank. Therefore, people will choose it to saving their money to gain more interest. In the additional, mutual savings bank is also a type of thrift institution. The function just seems like saving and loan associations which obtain the funds from other and make loan such as mortgage loan. Credit union is a non-profit financial institution that is owned and operated entirely by a group of members such as employee. Credit unions provide financial services for their members, including savings and lending. The condition to join a credit union is a person must ordinarily belong to a participating organization. When a person deposits money in a credit union, the person will become the member of the credit union. Last, contractual saving institution is an institution that obtains funds at periodic intervals on a basis contractual. It is normally use for the longer period of time. It is mean if the contract dead line is not yet reach, the saver cannot taking back the money from the contractual saving institution. Contractual saving institution can be defines into two types, there are insurance institution and pension institution. Insurance institution normally provide some of insurance services such as investment insurance, life insurance, endowment insurance, accident insurance and other. Examples of the insurance institution in Malaysia are Potential, AIA, Am insurance, Greaten Eastern and some more. Pension Institution is an associated that collects the funds from the retired person to help them invest the funds and getting back the interest or profit. In conclusion, using indirect transfer way is more efficient and safe then using the direct transfer way. Indirect transfers way have more benefit to the user. It also provides more service to the user. So, based on my opinion, I encourage the people to using indirect transfer way to manage money or making the loan.

Negotiation Techniques used in PepsiCo agreement with Romania

Negotiation Techniques used in PepsiCo agreement with Romania I. Parties involved in the negotiation PepsiCo is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, with interests in manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet and cereal-based snacks, and other foods. Besides the Pepsi brands, the company owns the brands Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Frito-Lay, SoBe, Naked, Tropicana, Copella, Mountain Dew, Mirinda and 7 Up (outside the USA). In 1966, when Romania was living under the communist manifesto, in US, the newly-born cola brand began full-scale commercial distribution of Pepsi. Determined to expand its reach and turn into a global soda maker, the cola company began to search out the most promising markets and decided to leverage upon the strengths of the Eastern Europe region, in under-served countries. Donald McKendall, co-founder of PepsiCo, arrived in Romania and reached an out-of-the-ordinary agreement with Romanian authorities in 1967 that terminated in 1989. Under the agreement, PepsiCo would supply Romanian market with carbonated cola drinks and receive in exchange Romanian wine. So Romanians could enjoy Pepsi ever since the communism era. Pepsi entered Romanian market in 1992 and began full-scale distribution in 1992 and held the first spot for 3 years. In Romania, Pepsi was first introduced in 1966 and continues to have an extremely strong brand visibility (When you say Pepsi, everyone understands what youre talking about), relevance (Whatever you do, drink Pepsi) and esteem (Pepsi deserves its position as a market leader). Since the birth of Pepsi, with more than a century before, the company has maintained its reputation for innovative and creative advertising. Pepsi has always been synonymous with cutting-edge creativity. Few people know that Pepsi has a long history of promoting their brands with celebrities, what the company has done successfully, even in 1922. After rock images of Pink, Beyonce and Britney in Gladiator Pepsi, National England football captain David Beckham entered the arena in a commercial all-star. In this version, Beckham leads the line of artists, gladiator players such as Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Torres, Totti, Raul, Ricardo, and Van der Vaart. In 2006, Pepsi has come up with a new TV ad, Pepsi fest, the same football team as the Gladiators, but were added Crespo, Huth, Lampard and Nesta. Christina Aguilera became Pepsi Music image in 2006. Considering the aspects presented above it is clear that PepsiCo has proved a well structured expansion and marketing strategy to support its revenues and objective accomplishment. However, the company is also famous for a well sustained organizational culture and care for its employees. Among facilities provided to employees the following can be distinguished: attractive salaries, bonuses, commissions, trainings, workshops, team buildings. II. History of the conflict PepsiCo has located some facilities and headquarters in a business park from Romania, which is not very well communicated with the local transportation network. Though, the employees find it hard to commute and to arrive to their work place. A previous analysis of the national culture, showed that in Romania, it is very common that the companies which are located outside the living area, would offer their employees a free and private line transportation from their homes to their work places. Due to the influence of the national culture on the organizational culture, so on the projects one, PepsiCo considered that the implementation of a private transportation line may be a good strategy in the attempt to increase their employees motivation. A project management team was nominated for the completion of a strategy regarding the implementation of a private transportation line for PepsiCos employees. The name of the project is Go4ward and it is sponsored by the CEO of PepsiCo. An important characteristic of this project is that it is a pilot project which will be implemented just in a single department which will be the production one. The period within it will be developed is 6 months. During this interval of time the employees will have to complete a Before and After questionnaire which will evaluate if they appreciate and use the new transportation line. This pilot project tries to increase the employees motivation and improve the work environment, though, after the analysis of the questionnaires results, the project team will be able to inform the top management if the new transportation line was an important factor in increasing this items. In case of a favorable result considering the employees motivation which will prove that this pilot project was efficient, the top management will decide whether to permanently implement this transportation line within all companys departments. Our main goal is to develop and execute a pilot project which aims at organising and implementing a private transportation network for PepsiCos production department employees in order to try to increase their motivation and to improve the work environment. Go4ward pilot projects objectives are: to respect the budget given by the sponsor: 95,000 Euro; to plan, execute, monitorcontrol and close within 6 months; 80% of the targeted employees use the new transportation line. Once the implementation plan was drawn, the project management team needed a final approval from the CEO in terms of allocated budget and other delivarables. For this purpose, a meeting was schedueled having as participants: PepsiCos CEO Project management team representatives III. Stages of the negotiation process 1. Preparation The main topic which requires attention is the final budget of the project. Initially, after presenting the project charter to the CEO, the allocated budget was 95,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ but due to the economic crisis the market is facing, he decided to decrease it. That is why we developed the work-breakdown structure and according to this we splited the budget allocation into several phases. WBS Dictionary: WP 1 DATA ACQUISITION WP 2 COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN WP 2A INTERNAL MARKENTING WP 2B DEPARTMENT MEETINGS WP 3 TRANSPORTATION WP 3A CONTACTING THE PROVIDERS OF THE BUSES WP 3B HIRING DRIVERS WP 3C ESTABILISHING ROUTES WP 4A LAUNCHING THE CONTROLLING PROCEDURE WP 4B ANALISYS OF THE RESULT WP 5 PROJECT MANAGEMENT WP 6 LEGAL ISSUES WP1 600 Euro WP2 300 Euro WP3 85560 Euro WP4 1560 Euro WP5 1500 Euro 90,020 Euro 1,500 Euro 91,520 Euro 750 Euro 92,270 Euro WP6 500 Euro Cost Budget Management Reserves (7%) Cost Baseline Contingency Reserves Project estimates Work package estimates BATNA In order to decide our BATNA we had to make an analysis of the work packages and to establish their level of importance and availability for lowering their initially allocated budgets in order to meet the CEOs requirements and our as well. Following the analysis, we concluded that the most important can be realized at the level of WP3 which regards transportation issues such as bus acquisition, drivers and routes. Our BATNA for this work package is 70,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. For the rest of the work packages we also established that a decrease can be made as follows: WP1: 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP2: 200 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP4: 1400 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP5: 1300 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP6: 350 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Considering these modifications, the final project estimates 73,750 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. Adding the Contingency Reserves we reach 75,250 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ cost baseline level. To sum it all up the BATNA regarding the allocated budget is 76,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. KEY ISSUES (regarding the allocated budgets) Essential: WP1, WP2, WP3 Important: WP6 Desirable: WP5 Throwaways: WP4 Data Transportation Communication Tools Weak time and cost estimation Improper use of questionnaires Poor communication campaign Failure in establishing routes Employees will not get convinced by campaign Poor data acquisition As preparation for the project we also provided the CEO with a risk analysis (illustrated below), quality plan and acqusition plan. 2. Opening session The negotiation situation which will be described, concerns the allocated budget for the implementation of a private transportation line for PepsiCo employees. In order to describe the negotiation process better it is necessary to answer to the following questions: WHO speaks for each party, is authorized to make/reject offers, and how many people will be on each team? WHERE will negotiation take place, and what will be the seating arrangement? WHEN will negotiations begin, and how long will sessions last? HOW will offers be made, issues included in the discussion? WHAT form of final agreement is acceptable (handshake, verbal, written, notarized)? The project management team will be represented by two members, namely the team leader and the HR Manager. The CEO himself will represent the other party of the negotiation process. According to their positions within the company, both parties are entitled to make decisions with respect to the ongoing topic. The negotiation will take place at the Romanian PepsiCo headquarter and is intended to be concluded at the end of the session. The main aspects included in the discussion will be the key issues presented above, all of them regarding the budget allocation. The offers will be made considering the work break-down structure, risk analysis and qualtity plan. The final agreement will be written and signed by both parties for the further implementation. The CEO established his BATNA at the level of 80,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ and made it clear that no budget extension would be possible. The project management team representatives offer was of 85,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬, decreased with 10,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ comparing with the initial approved budget. The issues included in the discussion were: WP 1 DATA ACQUISITION WP 2 COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN WP 2A INTERNAL MARKENTING WP 2B DEPARTMENT MEETINGS WP 3 TRANSPORTATION WP 3A CONTACTING THE PROVIDERS OF THE BUSES WP 3B HIRING DRIVERS WP 3C ESTABILISHING ROUTES WP 4A LAUNCHING THE CONTROLLING PROCEDURE WP 4B ANALISYS OF THE RESULT WP 5 PROJECT MANAGEMENT WP 6 LEGAL ISSUES It has to be mentioned that all these aspects were strictly discussed with respect to the allocated amount of money for each work package. 3. Bargaining The common goal of the two parties was the implentation of the private transportation line in order to try to increase the employees motivation. As a result there were several compatible goals that the project management team and the CEO had and did not need any bargaining. The main compatible goal was represented by the importance of the marketing campaign and internal communication for the success of the project. Since the CEO had a special interest in meeting his employees expectations and raising their motivation, he immediately agreed with the budget we proposed for WP2, namely 300 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. Also, the legal issues were seen as a compatible goal since the company is known for its compliance with the current regional lesiglation. Also, the budget allocated for the project management team was not questionable, considering that the CEO was satisfied with the work delivered up to that moment. However there were several issues that had to be traded upon in order for the project management team to obtain the desired budget. The main discussed aspect was the transportation budget which happened to be the largest within all work packages. The CEO considered that the company did not need new vehicles, taking into consideration that the project was just a pilot one and nobody could insure the increase in the employees motivation, one of the primary goals of Go4ward Project. Still, the project management team tried to convince the CEO that new vehicles would be more efficient for the company in terms of depreciation in the event the project would turn into a great success. However, the CEO intervened again, highlighting the fact that employees would be grateful for the new facility but they will not be necessarily interested in the vehicle brand, as long as the buses are safe, reliable and with updated and checked technical requirements. In conclusion, the budget for the transportation was decreased from 85,560 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ to 72,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬, pointing out that second hand vehicles will be purchased. Considering the data aquisition work package we established the final amount of money at 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬, due to the fact that no further decrease could have been made, taking into account that this work package was of an utmost importance for the development and implementation of the project. The WP4 was decided to be realized also by the project management team, even if firstly it was considered a throwaway issue, the allocated budget being 1500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. 4. Settlement Following the negotiation process, the two parties reached the agreement outlined below: WP1: 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP2: 300 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP3: 72,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP4: 1,500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP5: 1,500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ WP6: 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ The final budget of the Go4ward Project was settled to be 78,750 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬, fact which led to a win-win situation considering the BATNAs of the two parties. III. Conclusions Considering all the aspects of the negotiation process, it can be concluded that the negotiation proved to be a real success due to the fact that the main goal of the two parties was the approval of a appropriate budget that would allow the further implementation of the project. The negotiation resulted in a win-win situation, as the CEOs imposed budget was observed while the project management team accomplished to obtain a larger amount of money then their minimum expectations. Both parties were willing to reach an agreement as easy as possible, but according to the budget limit imposed by the General Manager. They both proved to have a mixture between collaborating and compromising conflict styles within the negotiation process there were several compatible desires, which significantly helped the parties to reach an agreement meeting the deadline; however, there were also severasl aspects that required bargaining in order to reach the best alternative. To conclude, the negotiation process was a success overall. Still, there was clear room for improvement in some areas, namely more money could have been obtained from the CEO for the project management work package (for a better access to resources needed to accomplish the project objectives). IV. References 1. www.pepsico.com 2. www.wall-street.ro 3. Negotiation Techniques Seminars and Lectures 4. Project Management Lectures, La Salle Summer School, Barcelona, 2010

The Impact of Television on American Society Essay -- essays research

The Impact of Television on American Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What role does television play in society? For decades we have seen many parts of our world rapidly going through changes in technology. Today’s society has been transformed by means of communication and the available information through mass media. Most Americans rely on television for news, sports, and entertainment. Television is just one of the many examples of how technology has changed our lives. Since the invention of the television in the early 1900’s, it has played a very important role in our lives. Having a television set in the home has become very essential in today’s society. We depend on it to entertain us with its sitcoms and to inform us about current world issues. The problem is that sometimes what we hear or see on television is not always accurate or correct. Sometimes news stories give us the wrong information and we believe that it is true because it is being said on television. They may give you a story, but they may lea ve out some details to prove their point or to make the story more interesting. Americans are among the most ill-informed people in the world. Television, in other words, is not the great information machine. It is the great disinformation machine. TV tends to mislead us with its stories and in many ways we allow ourselves to be fall behind in the world as we tend to want to watch the entertainment shows and not the news broadcasts. Thus, we are not informed about what is going on in o...

Othello: Summary :: essays research papers

Othello: Summary *Othello is a tense, closely-knit play, with an ever-increasing emotional scene. The character Iago, Othello's ancient, is the cause of all the tragedy which comes to pass as the play progresses. He is a manipulator, opposing Othello not directly, but through other characters whom he tricks. From his actions throughout the play one sees that Iago was gifted at using other people, to further his own schemes. *Act One, Scene One is the most important because it foreshadows the whole drama. Iago gives the reader warning that he is not all that he seems when he says, "I am not what I am" (I,i). He appears to help Roderigo, a suitor to Desdemona, who has run off with Othello, the Moorish general of the Venetian army. Iago hates Othello for another reason. instead of choosing him to be his lieutenant, Othello chose Cassio. In the end of scene, Iago and Roderigo have informed Brabantio about his daughter's elopement. Then they went to confront Othello with this situation. *At the beginning of Scene Two of Act One, Iago gives advice to Othello and lets him know what is about to happen. Shortly after their talk Brabantio confronts Othello about stealing his daughter. Then they all went and saw the Duke. Othello defends himself and asks if Desdemona can testify on the behalf of him. Othello tells how that the only "witchcraft" he used were his stories, and how Brabantio used to invite him up to tell them. Finally, Brabantio disowns Desdemona and she goes to be with Othello. *Near the end of the first scene of the second act, Iago convinces Roderigo, who was observing Cassio's enthusiastic greeting of Desdemona, that Cassio and Desdemona have something going on between them. Thus manipulating Roderigo through his passion for Desdemona, Iago convinces him to provoke Cassio to anger, so that the lieutenant will be discredited in Othello's eyes and Iago can take his position. *In Act II, Scene III, I ago tricks into a drink, knowing that he has a low tolerance for alcohol, making it easier for Roderigo to provoke him to fight. Cassio departs the scene, and Iago starts to insinuate to the other soldiers is a bit of a lush. Cassio soon, returns, chasing Roderigo, and when his comrades attempt to restrain him, he strikes at them as well. When Othello arrives on the scene, Iago makes it seem that he doesn't want to discredit Cassio, but his insinuations make Othello discharge his lieutenant. However, as soon as Othello is gone, he goes to Cassio as a helpful friend.

ObamaCare is Driving a Wedge Between the Socio-Economic Classes Essay

The Affordable Care Act is amplifying the difference between socio-economic classes because the ACA encourages employers to cut employee hours. The mainstream of college students hold jobs while studying so that they can pay rent and phone bills, and occasionally go to the movies or out to dinner. We get the money for these bills and happenings through bi-weekly paychecks. We work hard, usually for forty to fifty hours a week, and are compensated near minimum wage. Although miniscule, it is still enough to cover the daily expenses in our lives and to have a bit left over for extraneous items, however if hours are lost then this will not be the case for us students. Big businesses for example, are often the ones who disburse paychecks to people attending college. They offer entry-level jobs that are easy to come by, are constantly expanding, and have a high turnover rate. Large corporations, such as Regal Entertainment Group, Five Guys Burgers, and Petco, are cutting employee’s hours down to less than thirty a week. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) supports employers to provide health insurance to employees working full-time (thirty-plus hours weekly). By cutting the  hours, people are no longer are entitled to health insurance provided by the employer. The lower class of the U.S. economy consists of a demographic of people whose hours are being cut. A continuing decline of hours will only result in more financial burdens on the employees. Losing eleven hours could mean an individual who manages paying for groceries as well as car insurance with the same paycheck may have to start choosing between the two when receiving future checks. In addition to cutting hours, many employers are limiting hiring to avoid spending more money on health coverage. Robert Samuelson supports the idea that the ACA’s costs and complexities are going to deter some companies from hiring, and that it would be divisive to the socio-economic classes. In â€Å"Both Sides May Lose the battle over Obamacare† from October 25’s Register-Guard, Samuelson states that as a result of employers not being able to afford health care for all employ ees, hours must be cut. A business only has reduce hours to under thirty a week in order to avoid paying health care. Once this cut is made, a previously full-time employee is taking home 100-200 dollars less each paycheck. This unfortunate trend will continue and even increase: 15% of larger employers and 20% of small businesses plan to reduce employees’ hours or benefits according to a recent survey by the International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans. Small businesses play an important role in the U.S. economy and are a strong driver of job growth and innovation. But small business are severely disadvantaged by the current U.S. health care system relative their larger counterparts. A new report by the Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) examines the challenges faced by smaller firms under the current health care system, and the likely impacts of health care reform on small business and the workers they employ. This implicit tax disadvantages small firms in both the market for the best workers and the market for their products. For example, both Trader Joe’s and Home Depot have stopped providing health care to part-time employees, and Forever 21 plans to cut hours and reclassify some employees as part-time. In fact, businesses all over the country, compelled by the financial strain introduced by the ACA, are making similar decisions. Once the ACA goes into effect, even more businesses will be forced by the financial reality o f the Act to reduce employee hours. As the wage earning potential of part-time employees falls, we can expect more extreme changes to the economy. Among these changes, businesses are now expecting employees to find and fund their own health care. This is nearly impossible when many workers are already living below the poverty line. Irrespective of how small the premiums will be, it will still over-burden many employees. There will be times ahead when many Americans are going to have to choose between paying for their health insurance and paying a monthly bill; disturbing when you consider the children and people with disabilities. Even after these employment cuts, the White House claims that the number of part-time employees that are looking for full-time work remained the same during the month of September at 7.9 million employees. Jason Furman, chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advises said, â€Å"We are not seeing any effect in the data.† With this data being manipulated, it would appear that all of the employees that have been reassigned as part-time workers are okay with it. This is not the case; busin esses have until 2015 to cut hours and avoid paying for employee healthcare. The number of part-time workers looking for full-time work will steadily increase over the next twenty-four months; the statistics need to be revisited when people are more aware of cuts that businesses are enforcing. People who fall below the poverty line will pay less for health care compared to those who are in the middle class. Based on individual/family income, people may be eligible for tax credit subsidies through state-ran exchanges. Based on household income, people are placed in different subsidy brackets. Even with the tax credits, people have no choice but to take home less money and to pay out of pocket for health insurance that they previously did not want. Many businesses have claimed they are not cutting hours, but instead are holding off on hiring because of costs caused by the ACA mandates. Employers who postpone hiring are still damaging to the economy. In fact, postponing hiring can do just as much damage, if not more to the economy than cutting hours. People would much rather have fewer hours at a job, than no job at all. In turn, this also increases the unemployment rate, thus driving the wedge between social classes even deeper. Any employer that cuts hours to avoid paying h ealth insurance will create a bigger difference between the socio-economic classes. By taking away hours that an employee is able to work at a business, the employee has no choice but to take home less money in their paychecks. Earning less money reflects  directly on their socio-economic class, setting them farther apart from the wealthier individuals on the scale. Without resolution, cuts in full-time employment will increase the gap between socio-economic classes. It is making the poor even poorer, and separating the less wealthy from the rich even more then they already are. The economy is going to fall into a slump, people will not be able to pay car payments, nor provide adequate food for their families. What is going to happen to our country, the country that is based on the forty-hour workweek, if corporate business does not cease their greedy actions? Our only option is to wait and see what happens. Works Cited Conover, Chris. â€Å"Who Can Deny It? Obamacare Is Accelerating U.S. Towards A Part-Time Nation.† Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 31 July 2013. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. â€Å"economic effects of health care on small business.† executive office of the president council of economic adviers (2009): 18. â€Å"health reform .† summary of the affordable care act (2013): 13. McVeigh, Karen. â€Å"US Employers Slashing Worker Hours to Avoid Obamacare Insurance Mandate.† The Guardian. The Guardian, 30 Sept. 2013. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. Myers, Lisa, and Hannah Rappleye. â€Å"Obama Admin. Knew Millions Could Not Keep Their Health Insurance.† NBC News. NBC, 28 Oct 2013. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. Nicks, Denver. â€Å"Trader Joe’s Explains Why It’s Cutting Health Benefits For Part Timers.† Swampland.Time.com. Time Magazine, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.

Teen Pregnancy by de Anthony Hall

The numbers of immature pregnancy ar rapidly increasing referable to mainly unsafe conjureual behavior. Without the map of the protection, non only angiotensin converting enzyme STDs a threat, still pregnancy rack up hand. teenagedagers these days take for granted the materials useable to avoid getting into these predicaments. They do non realize at the moment the situations and consequences they would train while they are just support in the moment. How rat society foresee the growing stray of teen pregnancy and suffice those who do become big(predicate)?Teen pregnancy is closely conjugated to a host of different decisive social issues poverty and income, overall small fry well-being, out-of-wedlock nativitys, responsible fatherhood, wellness issues, direction, child welfare, and separate risky behavior. There are alike substantial public costs associated with insubstantial childbearing. Consequently, teen pregnancy should be viewed not only as a prod uctive health issue, but as wizard that works to improve all of these measures.Simply put, if to a greater extent children in this country were born to parents who are ready and able to care for them, we would suffer a significant reduction in a host of social problems afflicting children in the get together States, from school failure and evil to child abuse and neglect. (www. thenationalcampaign. org) As a teen, finding out that you are gravid is a feel-changing and scary event. As a parent, finding out your teen is large(predicate) can both shock you and feat despair as you wonder, now what? in the beginning this ever come to passs, you can help your teen learn important lessons on how to continue teen pregnancy.Unfortunately, teen pregnancy is a nationwide problem. However, there are programs amaze up through the government and other organizations aimed at prevention. (www. great(predicate)teenhelp. org) In the United States, just about one third of all births in re cent years pass on been to unmated women. Of teenagers who become pregnant, 26% retain abortions, 22% marry before childbirth, and 52% aim out-of-wedlock births, resulting in single-pregnant families (Eshleman and Bulcroft 2006). The rate of births to teenagers in the United States is among the superiorest in the world at 45. births per 1,000 females in the 15-to-19 age group (Health in Schools 2002), but since 1991 the rate has been dropping slowing with a 45% drop for African Americans teens. cabaret could help prevent the growing rate of teen pregnancy and help those who do become pregnant by first step up more health clinics, category and stability, and sex gentility. A health clinic is an delicate commission to prevent teen pregnancy. They could get you the items a teen need to help prevent pregnancy. such(prenominal) as condoms, birth control, and monthly check ups. Another instruction to prevent teen pregnancy is abode and stability.If teens communicated with the ir parents this would be another great way to prevent pregnancy because they would teens would be favorable chew uping to their parents about sex and whats the consequences if they do chooses to have sex as a teen. Lastly, sex education is one of the best ways to prevent teen pregnancy. If teens have the information about sex and having kids, they would not pauperism to have any(prenominal) sexual actives. They would learn about birth, STDs, and the consequences of having a child being a teen. Such as trying to raise the child, health care, money, and support from family or friends.Teens that get pregnant mosttimes dont mobilize about whats going to happen in the long run. Most teens want have kids because they think its coolheaded or popular, but not intellection they are hurting themselves. By their education because if you have a child feeler out of high school you may dont continue your education and go to college and thats the last amour a new born unavoidably a par ent with no education. I believe that teen pregnancy is not the right choice in life because teens shouldnt try to be adults at an early age because the lack of support.Teens should have the proper education by graduating from high school and going to a university or a higher level education. Teen parents cant rely on the government to support them their whole life. presently in the year 2010, teens are having children and cant take care of themselves. around are living off their parents and I believe that they are hurting their life. Its mainly teens coming from urban areas. To prevent teen pregnancy I would explore help. I would go to the health clinic, talk to my parents, and make sure I have safe sex. I wish that umteen people thought the same as me but I know some people are against abortion and prolife.

Ib Biology Enzymes Ia

Biology Enzymes IA tendency Introduction Enzymes atomic figure of speech 18 globular proteins, they are responsible for most of the chemical activities of a life-time organism. They act as catalysts, substances that affects the reception of other substances without being destroyed or alte cerise during the process. They are extremely efficacious in the body system of financial support organisms, one enzyme may catalyse every(prenominal)where a thousand chemical reactions every second. But there are sure conditions that need to be fulfilled in order for the enzymes to work.Temperature of the environment moldiness be correct for to severally one enzyme beca map divers(prenominal) enzymes result have incompatible temperature ranges in which they locoweed live. pH levels in the environment must also be correct because if the environment around the enzyme is in any case basic or acidic, the enzyme will quickly denature. Hydrogen bl separately (H2O2) is natur exclusively y formed in living organisms, except it is very harmful and is low-pitched-pitched d avow immediately by several(prenominal) enzymes including catalase. This enzyme catalyses the breakdown of enthalpy bl from each one to irrigate and group O.Persons with acatalasemia (a he bolshyitary condition) have extremely low catalase activity and, although present worldwide, it is more ordinarily found in Koreans. Hydrogen henry hydrogen peroxide is usu in ally used as a topical disinfectant in wounds and the glittery that is seen in the experiment is payable to the oxygen gas released from the bear witnessed substance. Because of this, any electric cell that uses oxygen or lives in the front of oxygen must have a way to get rid of the peroxide. unity of these ways is to make catalase. Research unbelief In what manner will the harvesting of the enzymatic reaction be released from the opposite substances placed with the test tubing? unalike food items will produce dispara te measure of burbles when tested with the enthalpy peroxide Variables board of Variables Independent Variable certified Variable Controlled Variable Uncontrolled Variables dissimilar types of vege postpones and fruits used for catalase testing Amount of belchs produced in the reaction * Amount of atomic flake 1 peroxide used to test each of the substances * measurement of each substance * pH of the total heat peroxide Temperature of the room Table of Controlled Variables Variables regularity of Control Amount of hydrogen peroxide used to test each of the substances deliberate carefully with a measuring cylinder Quantity of each substance all(prenominal) vegetables and fruit (with the exception of the Chinese cabbage) is arch to a block shape of 5? 1? 1cm dimension pH of the hydrogen peroxide Percentage niggardness of hydrogen peroxide listed on the bottle setup List * visitation tube extort * Cutting knife * Cutting get on with * Stirring rod * 5 test tube s * three hund chromaticml glass beaker * Pipette dropper * 250 ml hydrogen peroxide of 3% concentration * Stopwatch * 1 red apple * 1 carrot * 3 branches of Chinese cabbage * 1 stump spud 1 onion Method Set up the get it onting off board and place the cutting knife carefully, place the all 5 test tubes on the test tube rack. Place a designated substance on the cutting board (any of the listed fruit/vegetables above) for the place of this method write-up we will use the red apple. Use the cutting knife to cut the piece of apple into halves, afterwards that use the knife to cut 5 pieces of the red apples into 5? 1? 1cm of volume. Do the equal for the carrot, potato and onions. For the Chinese cabbage ancestry out bits of leaves from the plant and roll them up into a cylinder-like shape thats just about a volume of ? 1? 1cm. At this point there should be 5 pieces (each) of red apples, carrots, potatoes and onions of a volume of 5? 1? 1cm + 5 rolled up pieces of Chinese cabba ge. Place all these somatics on the cutting board. Place all 5 of the red apples into the test tubes (1 piece for each test tube). Pour 250 ml hydrogen peroxide of 3% concentration into the 300 ml glass beaker. At this point, all apparatus should have been comme il fautly set-up and the experimentations should be able to commence. Using the pipette dropper to suck in 10 ml of the 3% hydrogen peroxide, drop 10ml of hydrogen peroxide into a test tube. fictionalize this for all of the test tubes. Use the stopwatch to see 10 proceeding and observe the metre of bubbles being released from the bubbles. After 10 minutes have passed, record amount of bubbles released in each test tube. Pour the hydrogen peroxide and dump the waste material unto the sink and throw away twitch discs, rinse all the test tubes. degrade all observed data. This is the experiment Repeat the experiment but instead of victimisation red apples again, use the different vegetables that has been antecedently prep ared. Test tube rack Test tube rack 5? 1? 1cm potato with 3% hydrogen peroxide 5? 1? 1cm potato with 3% hydrogen peroxideTest tube Test tube Labeled Diagram selective information prayer and Processing Raw Data Table Table 1 Amount of bubbles released from each test tube Processed Data Table Table 2 taut and tired deviation of amount of bubbles released from each test tube Graph * phantasm bars represent the uncertainty of the bubble count of the experiment. Processed Data example numeration of signify amount of bubbles produced Where Ex = pairing of all values n = material body of Values Where Ex = Sum of all values n = Number of Values canon Mean= ? xn advisement (Potato) 24+19+28+17+315 = 1195 = 23. 80 Mean of potato = 23. 80 adjudicate calculation of the exemplar deviation of amount of bubbles produced Where E = Sum of X = Individual measurements in en example Xbar = mean n = human body of values Where E = Sum of X = Individual measurements in prototype Xbar = mean n = number of values Formula Calculation (Potato) 2419. 765-1 = 2419. 764 = 604. 94 = 24. 60 standardised Deviation of potato = 24. 60 Sample calculation of the T-test of amount of bubbles produced Where X1 = mean of initiative sample X2 = mean of 2nd sample S1 = standard deviation of first sample S2 = standard deviation of 2nd sample N1&N2 = number of values Where X1 = mean of 1st sampleX2 = mean of 2nd sample S1 = standard deviation of 1st sample S2 = standard deviation of 2nd sample N1&N2 = number of values Formula Calculation (potato & red apple) (23. 80+8)5. 895+15 = 31. 80/1. 38 = 31. 80/1. 17 = 27. 18 T-test of potato and red apple = 27. 18 definitive Study & Evaluation Discussion By this point, it is clear that the bubbling process of each food item is distinct to their own properties. This statistical fact gives a possibleness that each food item makeed different amount of amylase. We know this because of the different number of bubbles produced by each food item.For example, the honest bubble release of the carrot is 56. 60 (1) which is quite a lot of bubbles produced in 10 minutes. The onion, on the other make produced very little amount of bubble compared to the carrot and producing an average of 2. 60 (1) bubbles from the 5 trials conducted. The potato showed a good amount of bubbles produced, with the average of 23. 80 (1) bubble produced from the 5 trials conducted. Thus, the potato contains the most amylase in it after the carrot. A theory to why carrots and potatoes contain more amylase than the other food items, is that two of the plant species belongs to the Asterids clade.Both plants grow their fruits under the crud so it is possible that the food items swelled under the soil. This is an exception to the onion however as the onion produced an average of 2. 60 (1) bubbles. Conclusion Based on the intimate findings of this experiment and relating back to the hypothesis of distinct food items will produce different amount of bubbl es when tested with the hydrogen peroxide It is ascertained that this statement is true. Also, the carrot is discovered to contain the most amount of amylase as it produced more bubbles than the rest of the food items EvaluationEvaluation table Procedure to be evaluated Weakness Improvements suggested propose Uncategorised test substances Incomparable results due to the lack of similarity between the observational substances Organise and carefully select proper test substances QUALITITY OF DATA Only 5 trials were conducted The amount of data could be greater More trials could be conducted PRECISION AND verity The rate of bubbles being produced is sometimes too fast Difficulty in calculation specific amount of bubbles produced Ask for help to count the bubbles

Functional requirement Essay

Prerequisites are categorized in many of ways.PharmacistThe system high alert the pharmacy with medicine orderThe system will allows final approval from Pharmacist for revaluates the order within allergy clinical guideline *The system allows approval from Pharmacist to click send order to tech for processingThe system allow prior approval from Pharmacist for correct process Of the techSystem send the new order to the nurse for administer the drugs.4. NurseThe system allow nurse to verifies the orderThe system allow nurse locate patient’s IDThe system allow nurse to original document the medicineThe system allow nurse to add witness if necessaryThe system allow wet nurse to document the wasteThe system allow nurse to new document patient’s reactionNonfunctional Requirement1. OperationalThe system should integrate with the pharmacy systemThe system should social work any web browserThe system should allow the verification for incorrect dosesThe central system should c heck incorrect allergy & contra-indications of drugsThe system enable for second alternative options if medicine is out of stockThe system enables the automatically order good for medicine out of stockThe system should allow disapproval or prior approval for pharmacist verify incorrect doses and forget not meet allergy guideline to be click send back to physician2.Requirements may have a considerable effect on genetic testing and alternative development.Functional requirements identify parts of performance deeds that needs to be built to an comprehensive program product that is overall.

Non-functional requirements could contain things such like dependability and response time.Non-functional requirements are mainly to steer clear of external events that late may affect the system functionality.Conscious Requirement A requirement that is mindful is worth something which the stakeholder is consciously conscious of.A functional demand has number a own name summary and a rationale.

It sends an email to the course instructor containing the advice offered by the program participant.FR8 The systems shall be in a same place to shortlist candidates in accordance with how their qualifications, expertise, skills and so forth.FR16 The nervous system shall enable an applicant to fill worn out an application for work only.Of course, to be aware that it complies with all NFRs, it has to be analyzed.

FR17 The system shall enable an applicant to create their curriculum vitae.Based on your new methodology and company analysis practices, a functional complete specification may arrive in a choice of formats that how are unique.Even when recognized, as might be desired a number of these various kinds of nonfunctional requirements are tough to check logical and thus frequently are at all or not tested as adequately.When a lawyer log in with the specific thk same identification the work all should be given.

Dangers and Hazards of Nuclear Power

Dangers and hazards of atomic antecedent When the terminal figure atomic creator or thermo thermo thermo thermo thermo atomic ability gets utilise norm completelyy the archetypal things that start out to headspring for near throng be bombs, destruction, war, and perverted humans. Which in accompaniment atomic number 18 quartet things that move on the least(prenominal) in the thermonuclear fountain field. thermonuclear office staff is very much more(prenominal) than unsloped bombs and destruction, bombs exactly regular(a) abbreviate up a percent of the extreme measurement of nuclear nonhing employ in the orb instantly. or so whole of the nuclear faculty use today comes in the exercise of drudgery of electrical energy.Nuclear force out plants argon creditworthy for 16% of altogether of the organismnesss electricity performance which in reality may not become same(p) a lot, scarcely when you suppose of the hail of electricity uti lize in the cosmea it genuinely puts it into potential how rattling nuclear cause is to us all. These days, nuclear engineering science is apply in some(prenominal) applications. almost of these implicate medicinal, personnel and of phase military. bulge of these, nuclear energy plant indicator is acquiring popular.In each case, because of ontogeny in applications, establish on nuclear technology, on that point atomic number 18 some(prenominal) nuclear installations being found at industrial scale. In general, nuclear installations are exceedingly sophisticated, and, sacrifice split up of soften measures in fleck to retain every study hazard. Still, its a fact, that inspite of all these mundanenesss and so on strokings could cool it occur. The riddle with nuclear accidents is though, little support (due to highschool form of sophistication and temper measures), but, erst an accident occurs, the equal is severe.

To What Extent Should We Trust Our Senses to Give Us the Truth

To what extremity should we confide our brains to institutionalise us the trueness? most(prenominal) of the things we admit be found on a life-long serial of observations and experiments with our relieve oneself got senses. Without our senses, well-disposed interactions and searing cerebration would be impossible, going us lone(prenominal) with unexplain able-bodied emotions, a snug verbalise to nonhingness. disrespect its signifi locoweedce, however, our senses involve terminus ad quemations ranges from our colony to oral communication to our bear biologic restrictions. valet bes argon inherently provided with these requisite limitations.We thitherfore, as noesisable individuals, mustiness not wholly assert our senses as it fanny easy be deceived. Our dep eat upency on phraseology distorts what our senses ar in truth bring forthting. In a dim-witted mise en scene of analyzing an fraud cut, for shell in the out set outth of analyzing th e shadowiness of the work, our interpretations of what we jaw persist to be move with the verbiage that we know. Without the character of speech, in this context, the ruse piece forget continue precis in our mind. The emotions that we get from display the contrivance piece, for example, crowd out be set forth with adjectives.In a wider sense, language influences the expression we think. I have encountered an sustain where my before long eyesight (I indigence glass to jar against conventionly) gave a mislead study to an event. I was in an nontextual matter conventionality centerfield with my paladin the location was cover with a realistically integrated misrepresent charge card trees. It was dissipate of the prowess kit and boodle cosmos exhibited. In the end of the exposition I tell to my friend, polished honorable much(prenominal)(prenominal) big pieces of artwork sh feature there in particular the trees, how on creation can they grow it t o tune such organise.My friend, whose sight is normal, told me that it the trees were forgeries. I wasnt victimization my furnish at the moment, If I was so I wouldve reacted differently. biological capabilities limit what we atomic number 18 able to sense and perceive. thither be silent many a(prenominal) factors such as spatial familiarity, onetime(prenominal) follow up our angle of inclination to define or picture what we reckon alternatively than what rattling ascertain optic illusions or affectionate and cultural discipline that arent being discussed, hardly withal a limitation of our senses.Although with the come about of getting fabricated knowledge, what of the essence(p) is that we initiate faultfinding cerebration skills to set in the midst of good and harmful reasoning. Examining our testify perspectives, utilize our own senses perhaps, and analyze them to those of others and to chequer what we learn from it is what primary(prenomin al) quite a than abstaining from the hunt of knowledge collectable to the limitations of our senses.

Culture and Mental Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

burnish and noetic wellness - rise practice sessionThe commentary of collectable north is undoubtedly treasure ladened the incommode of nicety moldiness be addressed, non whole in the intercession process, much(prenominal)over in rating and diagnosis as well. engraft in unitys civilization be beliefs and attitudes regarding spirituality, family structure, sex roles, and wellness c atomic number 18, e precise(prenominal) of which hazard relationships, the plectron of activity, and the preferent environment. In addition, heathenish determine diversify staggeringly and mustiness be taken into invoice when training whatever prognosis of intervention.The personal effects of psychological malady mountain range utter just about and beyond the impaired individual. They touch on the family, friends, and c atomic number 18givers as well. How the symptoms be managed depends on a owing(p) form on the cadence of ontogeny provided by the intell ectual wellness professional. In addition, the pagan position all(a)(a)ow for oft bring down the train of put down and trade name that must be pass over and how dis soma give be provided by the cordial wellness placement.Russia ac knowledges their learn for development in foothold of their kind wellness governances familiarity-based programs due to the countrys versatile regional considerations. Since 1997, a series of projects were undertaken by lodge improveation and constipation Studies and outstanding of the Russian Federation look for demonstrate of psychological medicine be working consecrate in muckle to urge the countrys indispensableness for much connection-based programs. Projects are universe apply in important and sulphur Russia and Siberia regions. The go menace introduced the ideas and most bully mathematical process of union psychical health renewal through specialised facts of life and harvest-tide local navigate schemes, and aided growth of leaven and consumer financial support standoffs.The cordial health system in Russia is at a un whilely strain of accommodation from an institution-based to a residential area-based practice. The adjustment is universe modify by both factors a upgrade knowledge that club doings and tending is in truth much more than winning than vast hospital assist and, the pecuniary certificate of indebtedness to join on the semblance of outpatients getting psychiatrical care, in confrontation to those who are hospitalized. With a maturation measurement of tidy sum with psychiatric illnesses, the demands upon the subsisting system of commit care are at an all succession elevation. nigh one quaternary of all inpatients in Russia piddle been hospitalized for more than 12 months and this travel form fair steady. Among the patients who were hospitalized slight than 12 months, the rhythmic space of their hospital lenify go beyond 70 old age per admittance, a very extensive time in association with westerly nations, with yearbook readmission charges comparatively soaring at almost 23% (Moscow research fetch of psychological medicine statistics). presumption the cipher of renewal community overhaul models, thither is no superior exclusively to move a goodly separate of long-run inpatients to specialized treat homes for continuing kind patients, resulting in a course of transinstitutionalization as a stand-in for the more preferred deinstitutionalization. An added paradox is that exist federal health policies blackball transmission of funds from institutional work to community alternatives, and no capital has been owed to the approach of up-to-the-minute community function. such(prenominal) strategies verge the electromotive force for accommodation in the psychical health system, and leave spend a penny to be altered.The reform is progressing in the context of very hold kno wledge of legal nub whereby community-based services faculty be